Which Magnesium Is Good For Diabetes?

Which Magnesium Is Good For Diabetes
Natural Rhythm Magnesium Taurate – Magnesium taurate may be the best form of the mineral for managing high blood sugar, according to Healthline. The manufacturer of these capsules claims that this form is also easier on the stomach, and can help with stress, anxiety, and maintaining a healthy heart rate. Learn more about Natural Rhythm Magnesium Taurate on Amazon !

Which form of magnesium is best for diabetes?

– The various types of magnesium include:

magnesium glycinatemagnesium oxidemagnesium chloridemagnesium sulfatemagnesium carbonatemagnesium tauratemagnesium citratemagnesium lactatemagnesium gluconatemagnesium aspartatemagnesium threonate

Magnesium supplements aren’t created equal. Different types are better for certain ailments and have different absorption rates. Some types dissolve more easily in liquid, allowing for quicker absorption into the body. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), some studies have found that magnesium aspartate, citrate, lactate, and chloride have better absorption rates, when compared to magnesium oxide and sulfate.

But the NIH also reports that when people with poorly controlled diabetes were given 1,000 milligrams (mg) of magnesium oxide per day in clinical trials, they showed improvements in glycemic control after 30 days. Similarly, people who received 300 mg of magnesium chloride per day had improvements in fasting glucose after 16 weeks.

Yet those who received magnesium aspartate had no improvement in glycemic control after three months of supplementation. Only a few small clinical trials have evaluated the benefits of supplemental magnesium for diabetes. More research is needed to determine with certainty the best type of magnesium for glucose control.

Is magnesium glycinate good for diabetes?

– Some people benefit more from magnesium glycinate than others. People with the following conditions might see positive effects after taking magnesium glycinate:

High blood pressure or heart disease: Magnesium supplements can help decrease blood pressure slightly. Type 2 diabetes: Consuming high amounts of magnesium in the diet might reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, Magnesium helps to break down sugars and might decrease insulin resistance, Osteoporosis: Magnesium plays a role in the development of healthy bones, and people with higher levels of magnesium might have a higher bone mineral density. This is important in helping reduce the risk of bone fractures and osteoporosis, Migraine headaches: People who experience migraines sometimes have low levels of magnesium in their blood and tissues. Supplements may help reduce the frequency of migraines. Depression: Serotonin is a “feel-good” chemical in the brain. Insufficient levels of magnesium seem to reduce serotonin levels, and antidepressants can raise levels of brain magnesium.

Measuring magnesium levels in the blood can show misleading results because magnesium sits within the cells or bones, rather than the bloodstream. Doctors will typically measure serum magnesium concentrations in the blood, saliva, or urine to help assess levels as accurately as possible.

Is taking magnesium good for diabetics?

Magnesium has many important functions in your body, including managing your blood sugar levels. Our nutritionist looks into whether those with diabetes should take magnesium. Q: Is it true that magnesium is good for my blood sugar levels if I have diabetes? Magnesium is a mineral that plays many important roles in your body, including managing your insulin and carbohydrate metabolism.

It’s involved in your body’s ability to secrete insulin and may help your cells use insulin more effectively ( 1 ). Magnesium appears to help manage blood sugar levels among people with diabetes. Also, those who tend to consume less magnesium typically have poorer blood sugar regulation and a higher risk of type 2 diabetes than people who consume higher amounts ( 2, 3, 4 ).

For example, one review of 26 studies including 1,168 people found that those with the highest regular intake of magnesium had a 22% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes than those who regularly consumed the least magnesium ( 2 ). Increasing magnesium intake through food or supplements may help people with diabetes improve their blood sugar regulation.

For example, a 12-week study in 54 people with type 2 diabetes found that taking 300 mg of magnesium daily significantly lowered fasting blood sugar levels, as well as post-meal blood sugar levels, compared with taking a placebo pill ( 5 ). Similarly, in one review of 18 studies, 12 of them including people either with diabetes or at risk of developing diabetes found that taking 250–450 mg of magnesium daily for 6–24 weeks helped significantly reduce fasting blood sugar levels, compared with placebo groups ( 1 ).

In general, studies have found that taking 250–350 mg of magnesium daily appears to benefit people with diabetes. It’s best to take magnesium with food to improve absorption ( 1, 6 ). However, if you have type 2 diabetes, it’s important to notify your healthcare provider before taking magnesium.

Does magnesium citrate help with diabetes?

Supplements / Magnesium Citrate: The Best Form of Magnesium for Diabetes Magnesium is a mineral that the body needs in abundant quantities. Hypomagnesaemia (a deficiency of magnesium) is frequently seen in patients with diabetes, and magnesium supplementation can help them.

Which type of magnesium is best?

Magnesium glycinate – Magnesium glycinate (magnesium bound with glycine, a non-essential amino acid) is one of the most bioavailable and absorbable forms of magnesium, and also the least likely to induce diarrhea. It is the safest option for correcting a long-term deficiency.

Is magnesium citrate good for type 2 diabetes?

In hypomagnesemic prediabetics and type II diabetics, Mg supplementation has beneficial effects on glycemic control and reduced diabetes medication. In addition, a positive effect of a magnesium therapy is known on blood pressure.

Which magnesium helps with insulin resistance?

CONCLUSIONS – This study shows the benefits of oral magnesium supplementation as an adjuvant therapy for reducing fasting glucose, HbA 1c, and HOMA-IR index in subjects with type 2 diabetes and decreased serum magnesium levels treated with glibenclamide.

In the early 1980s, the importance of magnesium on insulin sensitivity was suggested (25,26) and in following years was supported by clinical evidence showing the essential role of magnesium on insulin-mediated glucose uptake (17,27,28). However, the benefits of chronic administration of magnesium salts given to subjects with type 2 diabetes is controversial (4,29,30) and remains to be adequately evaluated.

In this study, subjects who received magnesium supplementation showed an important increase in serum magnesium concentration (15.5%) and reductions of fasting glucose (−37.5%), HbA 1c (−30.4%), and HOMA-IR index (−9.5%) that were more significant than those observed in control subjects, despite the fact that time since diagnosis of diabetes, doses and type of hypoglycemic drugs used, and lifestyle intervention were similar.

In this regard, although serum glucose (−27.5%) and HbA 1c (−14.4%) levels were reduced in control subjects, HOMA-IR index (6.4%) increased and there were no significant variations in serum magnesium levels (−1.3%).
This could be explained by taking into account the fact that control subjects remained with impaired metabolic control (average serum glucose and HbA 1c 10.3 mmol/l and 10.1%, respectively), one of the most important sources for magnesium reduction.

See also: How Is Diabetes Treated?

These findings support the necessity of oral magnesium supplementation to achieve an increase in serum magnesium concentration and to improve insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic subjects with decreased serum magnesium levels. On the other hand, although time since diagnosis of diabetes and doses of glibenclamide in the subjects of both groups were similar, at the end of the study insulin levels in the magnesium-supplemented group were lower than those in the control group.

This is a controversial finding because there are previous reports showing a high insulin response in subjects with low serum magnesium levels (26,30), and yet other reports (2,7) show an impairment of insulin secretion in magnesium deficiency subjects.
In this regard, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the participants in our study were treated with sulfonylureas, which exert secretory stimuli on pancreatic β-cells (31).

However, whether the lower insulin levels that we documented in the magnesium-supplemented subjects were a direct effect of magnesium on β-cell or a consequence of improvement in the insulin-mediated glucose disposal cannot be adequately elucidated in this study; as such, further research is needed to address this issue.

In addition, magnesium-supplemented subjects showed a significant reduction in HOMA-IR index values.
The decrease of magnesium concentration results in both defective tyrosine-kinase activity and reduction of autophosphorylation on the β-subunit at the insulin-receptor level (5,32), exerting deleterious effects on glucose metabolism due to insulin sensitivity reduction (2,7–9,31–34), which contributes to poor metabolic control in diabetic subjects (1,3,35,36).

Thus, the main question is not related to the benefits of magnesium supplementation in the treatment of diabetic subjects, but rather to the type, dose, and time of administration of magnesium salts. Based on improvement of metabolic control and minimal side effects, it seems to be recommendable to add MgCl 2 solution as an adjuvant therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes and decreased serum magnesium levels, at least by 4 months.

In addition, for adequate surveillance of magnesium levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, determination of serum magnesium must be done twice a year because magnesium levels have a propensity to decline (4). Interestingly, in the magnesium-supplemented subjects, serum magnesium concentration showed a significant decrease by the first month, followed by a gradual and sustained increase in the following months.

This early change in serum magnesium could be related to a shift of magnesium into intracellular stores, thus causing magnesium compartment redistribution; however, because we did not measure intracellular magnesium, we cannot be sure that this is actually the case.

This finding is in contrast with that reported by Lima et al. (16), showing that diabetic subjects who received magnesium oxide (41.4 mmol/l) for 1 month achieved serum magnesium levels similar to those of healthy control subjects. Differences in magnesium salt and doses used could explain the divergence between both studies.

In addition, and most importantly, neither Lima et al. (16) nor us measured the duration of hypomagnesemic status or magnesium pool distribution, which are powerful confounding variables that must be controlled for in order to demonstrate the nature of early serum magnesium variations in magnesium-supplemented subjects.

Several limitations of this study deserve mentioning. First, we did not measure erythrocyte or lymphocyte magnesium content. As magnesium is a predominantly intracellular ion, its serum measurements are not representative of magnesium status or intracellular pool. In this regard, significant intracellular magnesium depletion could be seen with normal serum concentrations (37); however, because we only included diabetic subjects with decreased serum magnesium levels, this potential limitation did not influence (or minimally influenced) our objective and conclusions.

Second, we did not measure pancreatic store or β-cell function, which influence pancreatic insulin secretion; in this regard, because diabetic subjects in both groups had similar time since diagnosis of diabetes and received the same type and doses of sulfonylureas, this potential limitation is also slight.

In addition, because diabetic patients usually require pharmacological treatment to achieve metabolic control, all of the subjects received glibenclamide, which does not influence insulin sensitivity, in order to minimize the influence of antidiabetic agents on our results.
Finally, it was not possible to calculate baseline or daily food and water intake in terms of magnesium.

However, because there are not variations in the source of water in Durango, the subjects received similar foods and were randomly allocated, again only minimally influencing the results. In conclusion, oral magnesium supplementation with 2.5 g MgCl 2 restores serum magnesium and improves insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes and decreased serum magnesium levels, thus contributing to metabolic control. Study participant flow diagram. Figure 2— Mean and SD of serum magnesium in all participants evaluated (•, 32 MgCl 2 recipients; ○, 31 placebo recipients). Magnesium levels in the subjects who received MgCl 2 showed a significant reduction for the first month, followed by a sustained and significant increase. Until the end of the study, subjects who received MgCl 2 achieved a significant increase of serum magnesium levels. * P < 0.001; † P < 0.05. Figure 2— Mean and SD of serum magnesium in all participants evaluated (•, 32 MgCl 2 recipients; ○, 31 placebo recipients). Magnesium levels in the subjects who received MgCl 2 showed a significant reduction for the first month, followed by a sustained and significant increase. Until the end of the study, subjects who received MgCl 2 achieved a significant increase of serum magnesium levels. * P < 0.001; † P < 0.05. Close modal Table 1— Baseline characteristics of subjects randomly allocated to receive either magnesium chloride 2.5 g daily (MgCl 2 group) or placebo (control group) for 16 weeks


	MgCl 2 group ( n = 32) What is the difference in magnesium citrate and glycinate? Is magnesium glycinate or citrate better? – When it comes to magnesium citrate vs glycinate, which one prevails? It’s really going to depend on your health needs and goals. Magnesium citrate is a more common choice if you want to maintain magnesium levels for general whole-body health. Does magnesium help insulin levels? Discussion – IR as the main feature of type 2 diabetes is a common metabolic abnormality in the elderly population. Animal studies have suggested that a low magnesium diet can result in IR. Magnesium is one of the most abundant ions present in living cells and its plasma concentration is remarkably constant in healthy subjects. Insulin is one of the most important factors that tightly regulate plasma and intracellular magnesium concentrations. Insulin may modulate the shift of magnesium from extracellular to intracellular space, while the intracellular magnesium is also effective in modulating insulin actions, mainly the oxidative glucose metabolism. Studies have shown that poor intracellular magnesium concentration may result in a defective tyrosine-kinase activity at the insulin receptor level and exaggerated intracellular calcium concentration ( 17 ). High magnesium intake has been shown to improve glucose metabolism in diabetic patients and stabilize insulin levels ( 22 ). However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of magnesium supplementation in reducing IR and improving glucose metabolism have not been well established. In this study, we have successfully developed a rat model of type 2 diabetes using a high-fat diet in combination with STZ-treatment. Our results have shown that magnesium supplementation in type 2 diabetic rats increased insulin receptor affinity by increasing erythrocyte and hepatocyte insulin receptor binding constant, binding capacity, and insulin receptor expression levels. Magnesium also promoted insulin receptor substrate (IRS-2) and β-Arrestin-2 gene expressions and reduced the oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Insulin receptor (InsR) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS-2) are key molecules during insulin signaling transduction in the liver. IRS-2 is mainly expressed in hepatocytes and pancreatic β cells, which primarily promotes hepatic glycogen synthesis and inhibits glycogen secretion ( 23 ). Recent studies have revealed that β-Arrestin-2 modulates cellular apoptosis by inhibiting Akt activity ( 24 ). These results suggest that magnesium supplementation can improve the insulin signaling transduction defect in diabetes. The high-affinity insulin receptor binding constant (K 1 ) and the low-affinity insulin receptor binding constant (K 2 ) are the main parameters representing insulin receptor affinity. Reports showed that type 2 diabetic patients have lower K 1 and K 2 values, which can be restored by glutamine supplementation in type 2 diabetic rats ( 25, 26 ). In our study, we have shown that magnesium supplementation can also increase K 1 and K 2 values compared with the control group, which indicates improved insulin receptor affinity. This is consistent with the reports showing magnesium supplementation in type 2 diabetic patients decreases blood glucose level and improves IR. Q 1 and Q 2 values represent high and low-affinity insulin receptor capacity while R 1 and R 2 values represent high and low insulin receptor numbers. When the insulin receptor capacity decreases in the target cells, this suggests that the cell surface insulin binding number is lower in this target tissue when there is the same level of insulin in the serum, which means the effectiveness of insulin is reduced. Lower R 1 and R 2 values suggests there are low insulin receptor numbers, which means that even when there’s plenty of insulin in the system, it’s biological functions are diminished. Studies have shown that insulin receptor capacity decreases during IR ( 27 ). In our study, the diabetic control group had significantly lower R 1 and R 2 values compared with the normal control group. After high dose magnesium supplementation, the diabetic group showed significantly increased R values, which indicates that magnesium can promote the recovery of insulin receptor capacity in type 2 diabetic rats. Insulin receptor affinity is the comprehensive representative for the binding capacity of insulin with the insulin receptor. The insulin receptor binding constant (K) is the basic standard for insulin receptor affinity which corresponds to the biological activity of the insulin receptors. High-affinity binding constant (K 1 ) indicates the glucose metabolism capacity during stress state or high-intensity physical exercise, meanwhile, the low-affinity binding constant (K 2 ) indicates insulin receptor activity and storage capacity during the steady state. The insulin receptor binding capacity (Q) represents the total count of insulin receptor binding sites, which directly affects the insulin binding numbers with the receptor. The high and low-affinity insulin binding capacity (Q 1 and Q 2 ) indicate the total number of insulin receptor binding sites during active and steady-state, respectively ( 28 ). Our results show that diabetic rats have lower values of K 1, K 2, Q 1, Q 2, R 1, and R 2 compared with the normal rats, and high dose magnesium supplementation can significantly increase these values, which suggests that magnesium supplementation can enhance insulin affinity in diabetic rat erythrocytes and hepatocytes. In our previous clinical study with elderly diabetic patients, we also found that magnesium supplementation increased erythrocyte K1, K2, Q1, Q2, R1, and R2 values (data not published). Therefore, both animal and human studies indicate the effect of magnesium supplementation in enhancing insulin receptor activity. The insulin regulation of glucose metabolism is through insulin receptor expression on the cellular membrane. The liver is one of the major organs for glucose metabolism, while skeletal muscles are the major tissues for energy generation by glucose metabolism ( 29 ). Therefore, the insulin receptor expression levels on the liver and skeletal muscle cells can affect the active insulin numbers and the glucose metabolism level. Moreover, the insulin receptor expression level on pancreatic cells serves as a positive feedback mechanism for insulin secretion ( 30 ). Our results suggest that insulin receptor expression levels were decreased in the liver, skeletal muscles, and pancreatic cells in diabetic rats compared with the normal rats, and high dose magnesium supplementation can restore the insulin receptor expression levels in diabetic rats, which plays an important role in increasing insulin sensitivity and insulin receptor affinity. MDA is the end product of lipid peroxidation, which can cause various damages to the cell membrane, phospholipids, proteins, nucleic acid, and enzymes ( 31 ). The diabetic patients are under high oxidative stress, due to the increase of oxidation products and the decreased clearance ability for free radicals, which lead to a series of lipid peroxidations and the accumulation of the end products ( 32 ). In this study, we found that there was a higher MDA level in the diabetic control group compared with the normal group, while high dose magnesium supplement group had reduced levels of MDA compared with the diabetic control group, which suggests that magnesium supplementation has an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats. The reduction in lipid peroxidation product can help protect the body from the damage by free radicals, keep the integrity of the cell membrane, and maintain the normal function of the cells. Since the insulin receptor is a type of cell membrane receptor, the integrity of the cell membrane structure is crucial for the effective biological functions of the insulin receptor. Interestingly, we have also discovered that diabetic rats had reduced RNA levels of downstream signaling molecule β-Arrestin-2 compared with the normal rats, which was potentially associated with gene methylation. Magnesium supplementation could restore the β-Arrestin-2 level in diabetic rats. Further gene sequence analysis ( 33 ) uncovered that the promoter region of β-Arrestin-2 consisted of highly concentrated methylation sites (supplementary figure), which supported our hypothesis. Currently, there is no publication describing β-Arrestin-2 gene methylation in association with diabetes. Under normal conditions, β-Arrestin-2 protein forms a signaling complex with the insulin receptor, with the β-Arrestin-2 being the core component of this complex, which couples the upstream insulin receptor with the downstream signaling kinases. A decrease in β-Arrestin-2 protein level or functional deficiency can lead to the inhibition of the signaling transcription which results in IR in diabetes ( 34, 35 ). How much magnesium to lower blood sugar? Worried You’re Not Getting Enough? The Best Foods High in Magnesium – Magnesium is naturally found in the body, but you can also improve your levels by eating diabetes-friendly magnesium-rich foods. The NIH recommends women between the ages of 19 and 30 take in 310 mg of magnesium per day, while men of the same age range should aim for 400 mg. Women ages 31 and older should aim to consume 320 mg, with men in the 30 and older group shooting for 420 mg. To reach your goal, start by loading up on these top food sources of magnesium, In general, if a food is high in fiber, chances are it’s also high in magnesium. And the good news is many foods that are high in magnesium are also part of a diabetes-friendly diet. Here are a handful of magnesium-rich foods Sheth recommends incorporating into your diabetes meal plan : Dark Leafy Greens, Such as Spinach and Kale A ½-cup serving of spinach has 20 percent of your daily goal for magnesium. Seeds Pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, and flaxseed are all great seeds for people on a diabetes diet, Sweet Potatoes These orange spuds contain 33 mg of magnesium and have more fiber than regular white potatoes. Consider preparing them for dinner tonight with a creative sweet potato recipe, Almonds and Cashews One ounce of each has about 20 percent of your daily value. Pay attention to portion size with nuts, though. Sheth notes that nuts — and seeds, too — can be high in calories. Whole Grains Consider eating two slices of whole-wheat bread (12 percent of your daily value) with peanut butter for breakfast or a snack, or ½ cup of brown rice (11 percent) as a side for your lunch or dinner. Which is better magnesium glycinate or plain magnesium? Magnesium Glycinate This means that magnesium is combined with the amino acid glycine. Overall, the glycinate form absorbs better and is least likely to cause digestive distress. More commonly, you will find magnesium glycinate in capsule form. What is the safest magnesium to take daily? Recommended Amounts – RDA: The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for adults 19-51+ years is 400-420 mg daily for men and 310-320 mg for women. Pregnancy requires about 350-360 mg daily and lactation, 310-320 mg. UL: The Tolerable Upper Intake Level is the maximum daily intake unlikely to cause harmful effects on health. What is the difference between magnesium glycinate and magnesium? Magnesium is a mineral that’s important to the health of the brain, heart, and skeletal muscles. Magnesium glycinate is the magnesium salt of glycine, an amino acid, and is the supplement most often taken to increase magnesium levels in the body. In the U.S., as much as half of the population gets less than the recommended amount of magnesium daily. Magnesium deficiency is associated with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, high blood pressure, migraines, asthma, depression, and some cancers, Unhealthy changes in dietary habits, modern food processing methods, and nutrient composition in the soil contribute to this widespread deficiency. Fortunately, there are many ways to adjust your diet to include ingredients naturally rich in magnesium. To add more magnesium to your meals, consider these foods: BananasBlack beansBroccoliBrown riceGreen VegetablesNutsSeedsSoybeansSweet cornWhole grains As magnesium consumption decreases for some people, calcium supplementation may increase. The resulting imbalance between these two minerals may contribute to the negative effects of magnesium deficiency. Can I take magnesium with metformin? Magnesium And Diabetes: The Verdict – Magnesium deficiency may alter the functioning of many cells and organs of our body, especially the cells in your pancreas. So even if you just want to prevent diabetes, magnesium is a no-brainer. Since magnesium is abundant in naturally-occurring food items, preventing or correcting a deficiency is easy. It is amazing how strong the connection between magnesium and diabetes prevention is. The impact on improving insulin sensitivity can be significant when we ensure we have adequate levels of this wonder mineral. If you are already a diabetic, consider using magnesium to keep your blood sugar levels in check. You can also reduce the burden of prescription medications like metformin by combining it with magnesium. Discuss this with your doctor and make magnesium part of your dietary supplement routine today. Bio Latest Posts Jitendra is a microbiologist and a passionate student of the human body. He is a firm believer in the power of alternative and holistic medicine. He believes nature holds the key to restore us back to health and balance. What does magnesium glycinate treat? Could This Magnesium Mineral Deficiency Give You Diabetes? – Dr.Berg on Magnesium and Diabetes This medication is a mineral supplement used to prevent and treat low amounts of magnesium in the blood. Some brands are also used to treat symptoms of too much stomach acid such as stomach upset, heartburn, and acid indigestion. Can you take magnesium glycinate with metformin? Magnesium And Diabetes: The Verdict – Magnesium deficiency may alter the functioning of many cells and organs of our body, especially the cells in your pancreas. So even if you just want to prevent diabetes, magnesium is a no-brainer. Since magnesium is abundant in naturally-occurring food items, preventing or correcting a deficiency is easy. It is amazing how strong the connection between magnesium and diabetes prevention is. The impact on improving insulin sensitivity can be significant when we ensure we have adequate levels of this wonder mineral. If you are already a diabetic, consider using magnesium to keep your blood sugar levels in check. You can also reduce the burden of prescription medications like metformin by combining it with magnesium. Discuss this with your doctor and make magnesium part of your dietary supplement routine today. Bio Latest Posts Jitendra is a microbiologist and a passionate student of the human body. He is a firm believer in the power of alternative and holistic medicine. He believes nature holds the key to restore us back to health and balance. Does magnesium glycinate help with sugar cravings? The Many Roles of Magnesium in the Body – Magnesium helps lower our stress levels, In fact, magnesium is often referred to as the “relaxation mineral.” Serotonin, which is a natural mood stabilizer found mostly in our digestive system, requires magnesium for its production. Therefore, it is recommended that we take magnesium to help manage our stress, anxiety, and mood disorders. In turn, a magnesium deficiency can affect our stress level and emotional state. Magnesium is necessary for numerous chemical reactions in our body, including making DNA. Magnesium helps maintain brain function by relaying signals between our body and our brain. It prevents overstimulation of nerve cells, which could result in brain damage. Magnesium helps regulate muscle contractions – it opposite to calcium to help our muscles relax. Magnesium is commonly recommended for treating muscle cramps. Magnesium has also been linked to helping reduce the risk of many diseases, including arthritis, heart disease, and diabetes. Post navigation ← How Much Karela Juice To Drink Everyday For Diabetes? What The Difference Between Diabetes 1 And 2? → ©2023 Virtual Office \| Theme by SuperbThemes.Com Adblock detector

MgCl 2 group ( n = 32)

What is the difference in magnesium citrate and glycinate?

Is magnesium glycinate or citrate better? – When it comes to magnesium citrate vs glycinate, which one prevails? It’s really going to depend on your health needs and goals. Magnesium citrate is a more common choice if you want to maintain magnesium levels for general whole-body health.

Does magnesium help insulin levels?

Discussion – IR as the main feature of type 2 diabetes is a common metabolic abnormality in the elderly population. Animal studies have suggested that a low magnesium diet can result in IR. Magnesium is one of the most abundant ions present in living cells and its plasma concentration is remarkably constant in healthy subjects.

Insulin is one of the most important factors that tightly regulate plasma and intracellular magnesium concentrations. Insulin may modulate the shift of magnesium from extracellular to intracellular space, while the intracellular magnesium is also effective in modulating insulin actions, mainly the oxidative glucose metabolism.

Studies have shown that poor intracellular magnesium concentration may result in a defective tyrosine-kinase activity at the insulin receptor level and exaggerated intracellular calcium concentration ( 17 ). High magnesium intake has been shown to improve glucose metabolism in diabetic patients and stabilize insulin levels ( 22 ).

However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of magnesium supplementation in reducing IR and improving glucose metabolism have not been well established.
In this study, we have successfully developed a rat model of type 2 diabetes using a high-fat diet in combination with STZ-treatment.
Our results have shown that magnesium supplementation in type 2 diabetic rats increased insulin receptor affinity by increasing erythrocyte and hepatocyte insulin receptor binding constant, binding capacity, and insulin receptor expression levels.

Magnesium also promoted insulin receptor substrate (IRS-2) and β-Arrestin-2 gene expressions and reduced the oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Insulin receptor (InsR) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS-2) are key molecules during insulin signaling transduction in the liver.

IRS-2 is mainly expressed in hepatocytes and pancreatic β cells, which primarily promotes hepatic glycogen synthesis and inhibits glycogen secretion ( 23 ).
Recent studies have revealed that β-Arrestin-2 modulates cellular apoptosis by inhibiting Akt activity ( 24 ).
These results suggest that magnesium supplementation can improve the insulin signaling transduction defect in diabetes.

The high-affinity insulin receptor binding constant (K 1 ) and the low-affinity insulin receptor binding constant (K 2 ) are the main parameters representing insulin receptor affinity. Reports showed that type 2 diabetic patients have lower K 1 and K 2 values, which can be restored by glutamine supplementation in type 2 diabetic rats ( 25, 26 ).

In our study, we have shown that magnesium supplementation can also increase K 1 and K 2 values compared with the control group, which indicates improved insulin receptor affinity.
This is consistent with the reports showing magnesium supplementation in type 2 diabetic patients decreases blood glucose level and improves IR.

Q 1 and Q 2 values represent high and low-affinity insulin receptor capacity while R 1 and R 2 values represent high and low insulin receptor numbers. When the insulin receptor capacity decreases in the target cells, this suggests that the cell surface insulin binding number is lower in this target tissue when there is the same level of insulin in the serum, which means the effectiveness of insulin is reduced.

Lower R 1 and R 2 values suggests there are low insulin receptor numbers, which means that even when there’s plenty of insulin in the system, it’s biological functions are diminished. Studies have shown that insulin receptor capacity decreases during IR ( 27 ). In our study, the diabetic control group had significantly lower R 1 and R 2 values compared with the normal control group.

After high dose magnesium supplementation, the diabetic group showed significantly increased R values, which indicates that magnesium can promote the recovery of insulin receptor capacity in type 2 diabetic rats. Insulin receptor affinity is the comprehensive representative for the binding capacity of insulin with the insulin receptor.

The insulin receptor binding constant (K) is the basic standard for insulin receptor affinity which corresponds to the biological activity of the insulin receptors. High-affinity binding constant (K 1 ) indicates the glucose metabolism capacity during stress state or high-intensity physical exercise, meanwhile, the low-affinity binding constant (K 2 ) indicates insulin receptor activity and storage capacity during the steady state.

The insulin receptor binding capacity (Q) represents the total count of insulin receptor binding sites, which directly affects the insulin binding numbers with the receptor. The high and low-affinity insulin binding capacity (Q 1 and Q 2 ) indicate the total number of insulin receptor binding sites during active and steady-state, respectively ( 28 ).

Our results show that diabetic rats have lower values of K 1, K 2, Q 1, Q 2, R 1, and R 2 compared with the normal rats, and high dose magnesium supplementation can significantly increase these values, which suggests that magnesium supplementation can enhance insulin affinity in diabetic rat erythrocytes and hepatocytes.

In our previous clinical study with elderly diabetic patients, we also found that magnesium supplementation increased erythrocyte K1, K2, Q1, Q2, R1, and R2 values (data not published). Therefore, both animal and human studies indicate the effect of magnesium supplementation in enhancing insulin receptor activity.

The insulin regulation of glucose metabolism is through insulin receptor expression on the cellular membrane. The liver is one of the major organs for glucose metabolism, while skeletal muscles are the major tissues for energy generation by glucose metabolism ( 29 ). Therefore, the insulin receptor expression levels on the liver and skeletal muscle cells can affect the active insulin numbers and the glucose metabolism level.

Moreover, the insulin receptor expression level on pancreatic cells serves as a positive feedback mechanism for insulin secretion ( 30 ). Our results suggest that insulin receptor expression levels were decreased in the liver, skeletal muscles, and pancreatic cells in diabetic rats compared with the normal rats, and high dose magnesium supplementation can restore the insulin receptor expression levels in diabetic rats, which plays an important role in increasing insulin sensitivity and insulin receptor affinity.

MDA is the end product of lipid peroxidation, which can cause various damages to the cell membrane, phospholipids, proteins, nucleic acid, and enzymes ( 31 ).
The diabetic patients are under high oxidative stress, due to the increase of oxidation products and the decreased clearance ability for free radicals, which lead to a series of lipid peroxidations and the accumulation of the end products ( 32 ).

In this study, we found that there was a higher MDA level in the diabetic control group compared with the normal group, while high dose magnesium supplement group had reduced levels of MDA compared with the diabetic control group, which suggests that magnesium supplementation has an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats.

The reduction in lipid peroxidation product can help protect the body from the damage by free radicals, keep the integrity of the cell membrane, and maintain the normal function of the cells.
Since the insulin receptor is a type of cell membrane receptor, the integrity of the cell membrane structure is crucial for the effective biological functions of the insulin receptor.

Interestingly, we have also discovered that diabetic rats had reduced RNA levels of downstream signaling molecule β-Arrestin-2 compared with the normal rats, which was potentially associated with gene methylation. Magnesium supplementation could restore the β-Arrestin-2 level in diabetic rats.

Further gene sequence analysis ( 33 ) uncovered that the promoter region of β-Arrestin-2 consisted of highly concentrated methylation sites (supplementary figure), which supported our hypothesis. Currently, there is no publication describing β-Arrestin-2 gene methylation in association with diabetes.

Under normal conditions, β-Arrestin-2 protein forms a signaling complex with the insulin receptor, with the β-Arrestin-2 being the core component of this complex, which couples the upstream insulin receptor with the downstream signaling kinases. A decrease in β-Arrestin-2 protein level or functional deficiency can lead to the inhibition of the signaling transcription which results in IR in diabetes ( 34, 35 ).

How much magnesium to lower blood sugar?

Worried You’re Not Getting Enough? The Best Foods High in Magnesium – Magnesium is naturally found in the body, but you can also improve your levels by eating diabetes-friendly magnesium-rich foods. The NIH recommends women between the ages of 19 and 30 take in 310 mg of magnesium per day, while men of the same age range should aim for 400 mg.

Women ages 31 and older should aim to consume 320 mg, with men in the 30 and older group shooting for 420 mg.
To reach your goal, start by loading up on these top food sources of magnesium,
In general, if a food is high in fiber, chances are it’s also high in magnesium.
And the good news is many foods that are high in magnesium are also part of a diabetes-friendly diet.

Here are a handful of magnesium-rich foods Sheth recommends incorporating into your diabetes meal plan : Dark Leafy Greens, Such as Spinach and Kale A ½-cup serving of spinach has 20 percent of your daily goal for magnesium. Seeds Pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, and flaxseed are all great seeds for people on a diabetes diet,

Sweet Potatoes These orange spuds contain 33 mg of magnesium and have more fiber than regular white potatoes. Consider preparing them for dinner tonight with a creative sweet potato recipe, Almonds and Cashews One ounce of each has about 20 percent of your daily value. Pay attention to portion size with nuts, though.

Sheth notes that nuts — and seeds, too — can be high in calories. Whole Grains Consider eating two slices of whole-wheat bread (12 percent of your daily value) with peanut butter for breakfast or a snack, or ½ cup of brown rice (11 percent) as a side for your lunch or dinner.

Which is better magnesium glycinate or plain magnesium?

Magnesium Glycinate This means that magnesium is combined with the amino acid glycine. Overall, the glycinate form absorbs better and is least likely to cause digestive distress. More commonly, you will find magnesium glycinate in capsule form.

What is the safest magnesium to take daily?

Recommended Amounts – RDA: The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for adults 19-51+ years is 400-420 mg daily for men and 310-320 mg for women. Pregnancy requires about 350-360 mg daily and lactation, 310-320 mg. UL: The Tolerable Upper Intake Level is the maximum daily intake unlikely to cause harmful effects on health.

What is the difference between magnesium glycinate and magnesium?

Magnesium is a mineral that’s important to the health of the brain, heart, and skeletal muscles. Magnesium glycinate is the magnesium salt of glycine, an amino acid, and is the supplement most often taken to increase magnesium levels in the body. In the U.S., as much as half of the population gets less than the recommended amount of magnesium daily.

Magnesium deficiency is associated with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, high blood pressure, migraines, asthma, depression, and some cancers,
Unhealthy changes in dietary habits, modern food processing methods, and nutrient composition in the soil contribute to this widespread deficiency.

Fortunately, there are many ways to adjust your diet to include ingredients naturally rich in magnesium. To add more magnesium to your meals, consider these foods:

BananasBlack beansBroccoliBrown riceGreen VegetablesNutsSeedsSoybeansSweet cornWhole grains

As magnesium consumption decreases for some people, calcium supplementation may increase. The resulting imbalance between these two minerals may contribute to the negative effects of magnesium deficiency.

Can I take magnesium with metformin?

Magnesium And Diabetes: The Verdict – Magnesium deficiency may alter the functioning of many cells and organs of our body, especially the cells in your pancreas. So even if you just want to prevent diabetes, magnesium is a no-brainer. Since magnesium is abundant in naturally-occurring food items, preventing or correcting a deficiency is easy.

It is amazing how strong the connection between magnesium and diabetes prevention is. The impact on improving insulin sensitivity can be significant when we ensure we have adequate levels of this wonder mineral. If you are already a diabetic, consider using magnesium to keep your blood sugar levels in check.

You can also reduce the burden of prescription medications like metformin by combining it with magnesium. Discuss this with your doctor and make magnesium part of your dietary supplement routine today.

Bio Latest Posts

Jitendra is a microbiologist and a passionate student of the human body. He is a firm believer in the power of alternative and holistic medicine. He believes nature holds the key to restore us back to health and balance.

What does magnesium glycinate treat?

Could This Magnesium Mineral Deficiency Give You Diabetes? – Dr.Berg on Magnesium and Diabetes

This medication is a mineral supplement used to prevent and treat low amounts of magnesium in the blood. Some brands are also used to treat symptoms of too much stomach acid such as stomach upset, heartburn, and acid indigestion.

Can you take magnesium glycinate with metformin?

It is amazing how strong the connection between magnesium and diabetes prevention is.
The impact on improving insulin sensitivity can be significant when we ensure we have adequate levels of this wonder mineral.
If you are already a diabetic, consider using magnesium to keep your blood sugar levels in check.

Bio Latest Posts

Does magnesium glycinate help with sugar cravings?

The Many Roles of Magnesium in the Body – Magnesium helps lower our stress levels, In fact, magnesium is often referred to as the “relaxation mineral.” Serotonin, which is a natural mood stabilizer found mostly in our digestive system, requires magnesium for its production.

Therefore, it is recommended that we take magnesium to help manage our stress, anxiety, and mood disorders. In turn, a magnesium deficiency can affect our stress level and emotional state. Magnesium is necessary for numerous chemical reactions in our body, including making DNA. Magnesium helps maintain brain function by relaying signals between our body and our brain.

It prevents overstimulation of nerve cells, which could result in brain damage. Magnesium helps regulate muscle contractions – it opposite to calcium to help our muscles relax. Magnesium is commonly recommended for treating muscle cramps. Magnesium has also been linked to helping reduce the risk of many diseases, including arthritis, heart disease, and diabetes.